{"id":3077,"date":"2015-10-20T20:18:13","date_gmt":"2015-10-20T20:18:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/?p=3077"},"modified":"2016-01-15T08:21:23","modified_gmt":"2016-01-15T08:21:23","slug":"the-world-for-a-king-pierre-desceliers-map-of-1550","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-world-for-a-king-pierre-desceliers-map-of-1550\/","title":{"rendered":"The World for a King: Pierre Desceliers\u2019 Map of 1550"},"content":{"rendered":"

This brief article incorporates material from my The World for a King: Pierre Desceliers\u2019 Map of 1550<\/a> which is just out from the British Library<\/strong>, and examines one of the \u201ctreasures\u201d of the BL, and indeed of Renaissance French culture<\/strong>, the world map made by the Norman cartographer Pierre Desceliers<\/strong> in 1550 for King Henry II.<\/p>\n

\"Pierre<\/a>
Pierre Desceliers\u2019 Map of 1550<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The map measures 135 \u00d7 215 cm (4.4 \u00d7 7 feet), and was designed to be consulted by being laid out on a large table<\/strong>: the images and texts in the northern half of the map are oriented so as to be right-side up when viewed from the north, and the images and texts in the southern half of the map are designed to be viewed from that edge of the map.<\/p>\n

<\/span>One of the \u201ctreasures\u201d of Renaissance French culture, the world map made by the Norman cartographer Pierre Desceliers<\/strong>\u00a0for King Henry II<\/span><\/div>\n

Henry II<\/strong> (1519-1559) was interested in maps and owned other maps, including a similarly large world map made by Desceliers in 1546 which is now in the John Rylands Library<\/strong> in Manchester. The question arises as to why he would acquire a second world map by the same cartographer a few years later.<\/p>\n

The 1550 map bears three coats of arms<\/strong> in its corners: in the lower left corner, the royal arms of France, which given the map\u2019s date are those of Henry; in the lower right corner, that of Anne de Montmorency<\/strong>, Marshall of France; and in the upper right corner, that of Claude d\u2019Annebault<\/strong>, Admiral of France.<\/p>\n

When the map was made, Montmorency had maneuvered himself into Henry\u2019s favor, and pushed d\u2019Annebault, who had been Henry\u2019s favorite, to the sidelines. Montmorency would never have included the arms of d\u2019Annebault on a map he commissioned; it was rather d\u2019Annebault who had the three coats of arms painted on the map: he was trying to rehabilitate his position at court, and commissioned the map from Desceliers as a gift to the King and his Marshall, in order to gain their favor. This elaborately decorated image of the world was created as the means to orchestrate the revival of a political career.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The was map commissioned from Desceliers as a gift to the King and his Marshall<\/span><\/div>\n

It is natural to assume that d\u2019Annebault knew that Henry owned an earlier world map by Desceliers; how then was he to render the new map different and special?<\/p>\n

First, a better team of artists<\/strong> to paint the decorative details of the chart \u2013 the portraits of kings, and the images of cities and animals \u2013 was hired. Second, the 1550 map includes a set of twenty-six long descriptive texts<\/strong>, set in cartouches throughout the map, that supply details about the geography and the inhabitants of various regions. There are no similar texts on the 1546 map, and we can be confident that these were placed on the new map in part to make it distinct from and even more elaborate than the earlier map.<\/p>\n

Desceliers was one of several cartographers who worked in Normandy<\/strong> from the 1540s to the 1560s, who are sometimes collectively referred to as the \u201cDieppe School<\/strong>\u201d of mapmakers, and one thing that sets him apart from his peers is his greater interest in Asia.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Atlases made by other cartographers working in and around Dieppe at this period omit most of Asia.<\/span><\/div>\n

Atlases made by other cartographers working in and around Dieppe at this period omit most of Asia<\/strong>. For example, Guillaume Le Testu<\/strong> in his Cosmographie Universelle<\/strong> of 1556 includes only western and southern Asia, but nothing of the continent\u2019s interior.<\/p>\n

\"Descelier's<\/a>
Descelier’s 1550 map: Northeastern Asia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

We do not know why the other Norman cartographers<\/strong> give short shrift to Asia, but Desceliers created a rich and detailed image of the continent. He includes images of the Amazons<\/strong>, the Great Khan<\/strong>, and other Asian potentates; cynocephali<\/strong> (men with dogs\u2019 heads) and a man with no knees; elephants, a camel, bears, a baboon, and a flying serpent. And the greatest number of his descriptive texts relates to Asia. What we do not know is whether the detailed images of Asia on Desceliers\u2019 maps reflect his own fascination with the region, or an interest on the part of his clients, or both.<\/p>\n

One of the most intriguing aspects of the Norman maps is their inclusion of a southern continent, which some have argued represents a \u201cpre-discovery\u201d of Australia<\/strong>, before its generally accepted discovery by Willem Janszoon<\/strong> in 1606.<\/p>\n

For discussion of this complicated question, I refer readers to my book, in which I address this aspect of the map, and many others, in detail.<\/p>\n

Chet Van Duzer’s “The World for a King: Pierre Desceliers\u2019 Map of 1550<\/a>“, British Library 2015<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A brief look at Pierre Desceliers\u2019 world map of 1550, made for Henry II of France, and one of the most beautiful maps to have survived from the Renaissance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":3155,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[60,170,171,179],"yoast_head":"\nThe World for a King: Pierre Desceliers\u2019 Map of 1550<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A brief look at Pierre Desceliers\u2019 world map of 1550, made for Henry II of France, and one of the most beautiful maps to have survived from the Renaissance.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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