{"id":14546,"date":"2024-08-24T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-24T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/?p=14546"},"modified":"2024-08-14T07:13:14","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T06:13:14","slug":"the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/","title":{"rendered":"From Carolingian Roots to Ottonian Mastery: The Artistic Journey of the Gero Codex"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Carolingian manuscript that provided the inspiration is the Lorsch Gospels<\/a>, a deluxe Christian biblical manuscript produced at the court scriptorium of Charlemagne or his son Louis the Pious. Five of its miniatures served as models for miniatures in the Gero Codex<\/a>, a sumptuous early Ottonian Christian liturgical manuscript.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lorsch Gospels<\/strong> (named for the royal monastery where it was housed early in its history) comprises the four biblical accounts of the life of Christ presented in biblical order<\/strong>. Portraits of the four evangelists\u2014Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John\u2014are dispersed through the book, each introducing the writer’s Gospel text. Also prefacing Matthew’s account is an image of Christ in Majesty\u2014the enthroned Christ of the Second Coming.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The Gero Codex<\/strong> (named for its patron) is a book of readings excerpted from the biblical accounts of the life of Christ arranged for use at Mass<\/strong>, the Christian rite in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed. It includes portraits of the four evangelists, each facing a sumptuously painted text page, and a miniature of Christ in Majesty\u2014all grouped at the beginning of the book and all based on the corresponding painting in the Lorsch Gospels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Gero Codex was created more than a century after the Lorsch Gospels<\/strong>. Despite that temporal distance, the compositions of the Ottonian paintings\u2014that is, their content, the general placement of the figures, and the architectural settings\u2014are manifestly based on the miniatures in the Lorsch manuscript. The general aesthetic is similar between the two books, with a strong emphasis on grandeur. Still, the Ottonian artist transforms his models to meet the emerging artistic preoccupations of his time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Matthew (Lorsch Gospels and Gero Codex)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Luke (Lorsch Gospels and Gero Codex)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Evangelists Reimagined: From Symbols to Icons<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

We do not know how the painter of the miniatures in the Gero Codex knew the Carolingian precedent, but there can be no doubt that he did<\/strong>. The orientation and activity of each evangelist in the Ottonian book copies the Carolingian manuscript: Matthew seated frontally and examining his pen (or stylus?); Mark, his legs in profile, twists to inspect his pen; Luke holds his text in both hands; John reaches to his right to dip his quill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
John (Lorsch Gospels)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
John (Gero Codex)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time that the Ottonian artist quotes the compositions of the Carolingian antecedent<\/strong>, he subtly changes things to increase the monumentality of the already substantial figures<\/strong>. Saint Mark’s architectonic throne \u2013see below\u2013 appears in front of one of the columns purportedly establishing the “setting” for the scene, pushing the figure of the evangelist into the viewer’s space and commanding our attention.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Ottonian artist was also keenly aware of the page’s decorative potential. For example, the Ottonian painter transformed the circle motifs on Saint John’s cloak in the Lorsch Gospel into more intricate patterns rendered in gold<\/strong>, enhancing the design on the two-dimensional surface of the parchment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
John (Lorsch Gospels)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
John (Gero Codex)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Ottonian artist also transformed the evangelists’ symbols and their interactions with the writers<\/strong>. The symbols originate in the vision of the Hebrew prophet Ezekiel of four creatures with the faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle, each with wings. In the Christian tradition, those creatures came to be associated with the four evangelists: the man with Matthew, the lion with Mark, the ox (or calf) with Luke, and the eagle with John.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Luke symbol (Lorsch Gospels)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Luke symbol (Gero Codex)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Lorsch Gospels, the half figures of the evangelist symbols seem to occupy the space of the lunette defined by the arch of the architectural setting. The Ottonian artist has reduced both their size and their roles. They appear as mere symbols, not actors in the drama<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Christ in Majesty: Carolingian Elegance and Ottonian Grandeur<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The Ottonian illuminator’s reductionism (not to be confused with simplification) is especially apparent in the Christ in Majesty. He includes only the monumental Christ\u2014quoting the singular gesture of joined thumb and ring finger\u2014and the four evangelist symbols, eliminating the angels and the text. The circular aureole is moved in front of and extends beyond the painted frame. This Christ confronts the viewer more forcefully than his Carolingian predecessor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There can be little doubt that the Ottonian artist of the Gero Codex revered the Carolingian model he emulated. At the same time, he created an illuminated manuscript that expresses his own day’s aesthetic and spiritual concerns<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Mayr-Harting, Henry. Ottonian Book Illumination: An Historical Study<\/em>. 2 vols. London: Harvey Miller, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

It is a truism of medieval art history that virtually all Ottonian art betrays the influence of Carolingian art, and this is demonstrated above all in the art of manuscript illumination. The Gero Codex is a remarkable witness to how an Ottonian painter received the Carolingian heritage so valued by the painters of his age.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":14657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[164,4,6],"tags":[213,801,584,799,798,348,404,800,629,474,129,402],"yoast_head":"\nFrom Carolingian Roots to Ottonian Mastery: The Artistic Journey of the Gero Codex<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Gero Codex is a remarkable witness to how an Ottonian painter received the Carolingian heritage so valued by the painters of his age.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Carolingian Roots to Ottonian Mastery: The Artistic Journey of the Gero Codex\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Gero Codex is a remarkable witness to how an Ottonian painter received the Carolingian heritage so valued by the painters of his age.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Facsimile Finder Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FacsimileFinder\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-08-24T14:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-14T06:13:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elizabeth Teviotdale\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@FacsimileFinder\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@FacsimileFinder\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elizabeth Teviotdale\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elizabeth Teviotdale\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/person\/26a317735c12bcb6a2dd9c1d5f8ce194\"},\"headline\":\"From Carolingian Roots to Ottonian Mastery: The Artistic Journey of the Gero Codex\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-24T14:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-14T06:13:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/\"},\"wordCount\":766,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Carolingian\",\"dedication miniatures\",\"Elizabeth Teviotdale\",\"facsimile\",\"Gero Codex\",\"Illuminated manuscripts\",\"Initials\",\"Liturgical Books\",\"lorsch gospels\",\"Medieval Manuscripts\",\"miniatures\",\"Ottonian\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Faksimile Verlag\",\"Illuminated Manuscripts\",\"New Facsimiles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/\",\"name\":\"From Carolingian Roots to Ottonian Mastery: The Artistic Journey of the Gero Codex\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-24T14:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-14T06:13:14+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Gero Codex is a remarkable witness to how an Ottonian painter received the Carolingian heritage so valued by the painters of his age.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/\",\"name\":\"Facsimile Finder BookPlate\",\"description\":\"News from the world of facsimile editions and more.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Facsimile Finder\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Logo-FF-Verticale.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Logo-FF-Verticale.png\",\"width\":416,\"height\":399,\"caption\":\"Facsimile Finder\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FacsimileFinder\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/FacsimileFinder\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/facsimilefinder\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/facsimile-finder\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@facsimiles\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/person\/26a317735c12bcb6a2dd9c1d5f8ce194\",\"name\":\"Elizabeth Teviotdale\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cab0c9bf47e34ef1d09ab760531e797f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cab0c9bf47e34ef1d09ab760531e797f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Elizabeth Teviotdale\"},\"description\":\"Liz Teviotdale's research and publications focus on early medieval liturgical manuscripts of the Latin West and their illumination. Her training is principally in the history of art and historical musicology.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/wmich.edu\/medieval\/directory\/teviotdale\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/author\/elizabeth-teviotdale\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"From Carolingian Roots to Ottonian Mastery: The Artistic Journey of the Gero Codex","description":"The Gero Codex is a remarkable witness to how an Ottonian painter received the Carolingian heritage so valued by the painters of his age.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"From Carolingian Roots to Ottonian Mastery: The Artistic Journey of the Gero Codex","og_description":"The Gero Codex is a remarkable witness to how an Ottonian painter received the Carolingian heritage so valued by the painters of his age.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/","og_site_name":"Facsimile Finder Blog","article_publisher":"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FacsimileFinder","article_published_time":"2024-08-24T14:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-08-14T06:13:14+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Elizabeth Teviotdale","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@FacsimileFinder","twitter_site":"@FacsimileFinder","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Elizabeth Teviotdale","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/"},"author":{"name":"Elizabeth Teviotdale","@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/person\/26a317735c12bcb6a2dd9c1d5f8ce194"},"headline":"From Carolingian Roots to Ottonian Mastery: The Artistic Journey of the Gero Codex","datePublished":"2024-08-24T14:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-14T06:13:14+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/"},"wordCount":766,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg","keywords":["Carolingian","dedication miniatures","Elizabeth Teviotdale","facsimile","Gero Codex","Illuminated manuscripts","Initials","Liturgical Books","lorsch gospels","Medieval Manuscripts","miniatures","Ottonian"],"articleSection":["Faksimile Verlag","Illuminated Manuscripts","New Facsimiles"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/","url":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/","name":"From Carolingian Roots to Ottonian Mastery: The Artistic Journey of the Gero Codex","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg","datePublished":"2024-08-24T14:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-14T06:13:14+00:00","description":"The Gero Codex is a remarkable witness to how an Ottonian painter received the Carolingian heritage so valued by the painters of his age.","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/the-artistic-legacy-of-the-gero-codex\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg","width":1200,"height":800},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/","name":"Facsimile Finder BookPlate","description":"News from the world of facsimile editions and more.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#organization","name":"Facsimile Finder","url":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Logo-FF-Verticale.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Logo-FF-Verticale.png","width":416,"height":399,"caption":"Facsimile Finder"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FacsimileFinder","https:\/\/x.com\/FacsimileFinder","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/facsimilefinder\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/facsimile-finder\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@facsimiles"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/person\/26a317735c12bcb6a2dd9c1d5f8ce194","name":"Elizabeth Teviotdale","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cab0c9bf47e34ef1d09ab760531e797f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cab0c9bf47e34ef1d09ab760531e797f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Elizabeth Teviotdale"},"description":"Liz Teviotdale's research and publications focus on early medieval liturgical manuscripts of the Latin West and their illumination. Her training is principally in the history of art and historical musicology.","sameAs":["https:\/\/wmich.edu\/medieval\/directory\/teviotdale"],"url":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/author\/elizabeth-teviotdale\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lorsch-gospels-gero-codex-facsimile-edition-01-ANTEPRIMA.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6LXaF-3MC","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14546"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14546"}],"version-history":[{"count":53,"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14664,"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14546\/revisions\/14664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.facsimilefinder.com\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}